Understanding the Seven Layers of Computer Networking
Provides network services to users and applications.
Translation, encryption and compression of data.
Establishes and manages communication sessions.
Reliable delivery using TCP/UDP.
Routing and logical addressing using IP.
Physical addressing and frame transmission.
Transmission of bits through media.
Data → Segment → Packet → Frame → Bits
| OSI Model | TCP/IP Model |
|---|---|
| 7 Layers | 4 Layers |
| Reference Model | Practical Internet Model |
| Developed by ISO | Developed by DARPA |